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3G has
dominated the modern world in just a few years. Although the technology is
relatively new, there are already so many devices taking advantage of the
functions. You can use it regardless of location, so work and leisure becomes
more efficient. You have to know a little about 3G history to know how unique
it is compared to other updates in the past. Here are some details and
applications of the technology.
Defining
3G
3G is
also called third generation. It is named as such because it is the third
generation of the standards of telecommunication hardware. It is also the
general technology for mobile networking, passing the recent 2.5G. The
technology is founded on the ITU or International Telecommunication Union group
of standards which belongs to the IMT-2000.
3G
networks allow network operators to provide users a bigger range of the latest
services, as it gets bigger network capacity via heightened spectral
efficiency. The included services are video calls, wide-area wireless voice
telephone and broadband wireless information, all included within the mobile
environment. More features included are HSPA data transmission capacities that
can send data rates reaching 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and the uplink at 5.8
Mbit/s.
Networks
Different
to the IEEE 802.11 networks, that are usually known as WLAN or Wi-Fi networks,
the 3G networks cover a very wide area of cellular telephone networks that turn
into incorporate high-speed internet connection and video telephony. IEEE
802.11 networks have a short range, with high-bandwidth networks mainly created
and improved for data and information.
History
and Start
The
first 3G network offered for commercial use was launched in Japan by NTT
DoCoMo. The network had the brand name FOMA and was introduced in May 2001 on a
W-CDMA technology pre-release. The initial commercial launch of 3G was also
done by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. This happened on October 1, 2001, although the
technology was still very limited in terms of scope at the beginning. The broad
availability, due to inadequate reliability had to be delayed.
SK
Telecom from South Korea was the second network that was released commercially
live. This was on the 1xEV-DO technology dated January 2002. In May 2002, the second
3G network from South Korea was on EV-DO by KTF, posing Koreans as the first to
view the competition of all 3G operators.
Isle
of Man by Manx Telcom was the first pre-commercial network released from
Europe. At that time, the operator went by the name British Telecom. Telenor
opened the first commercial network in Europe for business in December 2001.
There were no commercial handsets, however, so there was also zero clients.
These were on the W-CDMA technology.
The
United States
The
first 3G network in the United States that was released commercially was by
Monet Mobile Networks. This was on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology. Later on, the
network provider had to shut down operations. Verizon Wireless released the
second 3G network operator in the United States in October 2003.
This
was on CDMA2000 EV-DO, with a strongly growing network since. More and more
countries adopted the changing technology and incorporated the use of 3G with
mobile phones and handsets. Today, 3G is a very common feature among modern
models and designs, with more innovations and heightened efficiency being
introduced every year.
3G
used to be a lot less powerful in terms of coverage and efficiency a
few years back. Some of the biggest nations of the world introduced and
launched initial models, then continued to develop the details to
further cater to the needs of consumers all over the world. There are
approximately 3 billion mobile subscribers in the world, with 3G
starting to take a big piece of the pie. Here are some more information
about the growth.
Spreading More
Turkey auctioned 4 IMT 2000/UMTS standard 3G licenses with 25, 35, 40
and 45 MHz top frequencies in November 2009. With the 358-million euro
offer by Turkcell, it has availed of the 45 MHz band, followed by Avea
and Vodafone leasing the 35 and 40 MHz respectively for 2 decades. The
only one available for auction at present is the license for the 25 MHz
top frequency.
A 3G video call created from Johannesburg, South Africa via the Vodacom
network in November 2004 was the very first use of 3G technology in
Africa. EMTEL in Mauritius launched the first commercial 3G in Africa
via the W-CDMA standard. In March 2006, a 3G service was given by the
emerging company Wana in North African Morocco. 3G HSDPA services
was implemented by Rogers Wireless in Eastern Canada as early as 2007
via Rogers Vision. Fido Solutions and Rogers Wireless currently
provides 3G service in several urban centers.
Rates of Data
The ITU has not yet given a concrete description of the data rate that
consumers can get from 3G providers or equipment and tools. The
consumers who were given 3G service may not clearly point out a
suitable standard, indicating that the rate given are met adequately.
In a commentary, it was stated that the expectation for IMT-2000 will
give higher rates of transmission, having a minimum speed of 2Mbit/s
and the highest at 14.4 Mbit/s for stationary consumers. 348 kbit/s can
be expected in a moving vehicle.
The ITU does not specifically indicates a minimum or average rates or
the modes of the interfaces that can be considered as 3G technology, so
different rates are offered and sold as 3G, which are expected to meet
the expectations of consumers with broadband speed. Industry sources
recommend that 3G can give 384 kbit/s at or lower than pedestrian
speeds, with only 128 kbit/s inside a moving vehicle. Although EDGE is
included in the 3G standard, a number of phones say that 3G network
availability and EDGE have separate functionality.
Standardizing the Network
The ITU or International Telecommuncation Union described the demands
for 3G mobile networks, using the IMT-2000 standard. The 3GPP or 3rd
Generation Partnership Project is a group that continues to work by
describing a mobile system that meets the standard of IMT-2000. The
system is known as UMTS or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.
There are 6 radio interfaces in IMT-2000 namely, W-CDMA or UMTS,
CDMA2000, UWC which is implemented frequently with EDGE,
TD-CDMA/TD-SCDMA, DECT and Mobile WiMAX.
On Advantages
UMTS is based on layered services, apart from GSM. The top of the line
is the services layer, which gives quick deployment of services, plus a
centralized place. At the center is the control layer, which supports
the upgrade of processes and provides the capability of the network to
be allocated in a dynamic manner.
At the bottom line is the connectivity layer, wherein any type of
transmission technology can be applied, with the voice traffic
transfering over IP/RTP and ATM/AAL2.
3G is beginning to be standardized because more and more users want to
know whether their connectivity is within optimal range. Various tools
and options are being featured by various manufacturers all over the
world. Perhaps in a few years, individuals will get to experience
higher capacities and better efficiency in the form of 4G. Here are
some more details about the standardization and what other nations have
been up to lately.
The Progression
The standardization of 3G evolution is improving in both the 3GPP2 and
3GPP. The related specifications of 3GPP2 and 3GPP developments are
known as UMB and LTE, respectively. Qualcomm has cancelled developments
on UMB in November 2008. 3G evolution applies a part that goes further
than 3G technologies to boost the performance and functions, as well as
create a smoother migration path for users.
There are various ways from 2G to 3G. The main path begins in Europe
from GSM once GPRS is added to a given system. From a given point, it
is possible to be directed to the UMTS system. The system evolution in
North America will begin from TDMA or Time division multiple access,
change to EDGE or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution or EDGE, then
finally to UMTS.
The Others
A couple of 3G standards are being used and applied in Japan namely
W-CDMA done by NTT DoCoMo. This is FOMA, which is attuned to UMTS, and
Softbank Mobile which uses UMTS. CDMA2000, is used by KDDI. The
transition for marketing reasons to 3G was finalized in Japan in 2006.
3G, when first introduced in the form of UMTS and HSDPA technology was
managed by SETAR in the Caribbean, particularly Aruba in December 2007.
The network's implementation phase was brought out by Alcatel-Lucent.
SETAR also implemented a 3G network founded on CDMA 1X EV-DO dated
April 2007.
The Networks
Broadband internet is not the only one that can be exploited using
multi-megabits speeds. VOIP and video calling can also be done. HSDPA
or high speed data packet access has capacities of taking 14.4 Mbit/s
downstream, which is faster compared to majority of the standard lines.
This is still faster compared to cities belonging to advanced and
well-developed places. The capabilities of 5.8 Mbit/s uplink is above
10 times better than standard ADSL. It is also 7 times faster compared
to the number one cable provider, Virgin Media.
Growing Networks
At present, there are about 400 3G and HSDPA networks all over the
globe in one-fourth of the nations in the world. The migration of
worldwide subscribers to 3G has already exceeded 15%, not to mention
more than 35% among nations where 3G has been launched by the end of
2008. Several operators have launched fixed rate data plans and low
cost plans for 3G information use, leading to the increase in usage and
reduced costs.
During the launch of 3.5G HSDPA, the technology is given as a movable
broadband modem link for both laptop and desktop users. These are
priced at the low end for consumer affordability. 3G data can be quite
pricey when roaming, with the average cost for every megabyte priced at
around 10 dollars.
It will be very difficult to us several megabytes because of the
undeveloped speeds that several networks give. You should assess and
compare prices from different network providers first.
More on 3G: 2G to 3G Development 3G Compatibility 3G history 3G Networks 3G Now 3G Phones 3G Platforms 3G uses and features Advantages of 3G CDMA 2000 Choosing a 3G unit Evolution of Smart Phones 3G Demonstration An Introduction to 3G UMTS Uses of 3G WCDMA
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